Cirkonij
40
Zr
Skupina
4
Perioda
5
Blok
d
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
40
40
51
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
40
Atomska teža
91,224
Masno število
91
Kategorija
Prehodne kovine
Barva
Srebrna
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Kristalna struktura
Heksagonalna
Zgodovina
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Razporeditev elektronov
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
6,506 g/cm3
Tališče
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Vrelišče
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Talilna toplota
21 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
580 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,278 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,013%
Zastopanost v vesolju
5×10-6%
Zasluge za slike: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
CAS številka
7440-67-7
PubChem CID številka
23995
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
160 pm
Kovalentni polmer
175 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,33 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
6,6339 eV
Atomski volumen
14,0 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,227 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
1, 2, 3, 4
Uporabe
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrNestabilni izotopi
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr