Galij
31
Ga
Skupina
13
Perioda
4
Blok
p
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
31
31
39
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
31
Atomska teža
69,723
Masno število
70
Kategorija
Šibke kovine
Barva
Srebrna
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Kristalna struktura
Osnovno centrirana ortorombska
Zgodovina
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 18, 3
Razporeditev elektronov
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
5,907 g/cm3
Tališče
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Vrelišče
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Talilna toplota
5,59 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
256 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,371 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,0019%
Zastopanost v vesolju
1×10-6%
CAS številka
7440-55-3
PubChem CID številka
5360835
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
135 pm
Kovalentni polmer
122 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,81 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
5,9993 eV
Atomski volumen
11,8 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,406 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
1, 2, 3
Uporabe
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
69Ga, 71GaNestabilni izotopi
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga