Germanij
32
Ge
Skupina
14
Perioda
4
Blok
p
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
32
32
41
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
32
Atomska teža
72,63
Masno število
73
Kategorija
Polkovine
Barva
Siva
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Latin word Germania, Germany
Kristalna struktura
Ploskovno centrirana kubična
Zgodovina
In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev predicted its existence and some of its properties based on its position on his periodic table and called the element eka-silicon.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
In 1886, Clemens Winkler found the new element along with silver and sulfur, in a rare mineral called argyrodite.
The first silicon-germanium alloys were obtained in 1955.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 18, 4
Razporeditev elektronov
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Germanium and the oxide are transparent to infrared radiation
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
5,323 g/cm3
Tališče
1211,4 K | 938,25 °C | 1720,85 °F
Vrelišče
3106,15 K | 2833 °C | 5131,4 °F
Talilna toplota
31,8 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
334 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,32 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,00014%
Zastopanost v vesolju
0,00002%
CAS številka
7440-56-4
PubChem CID številka
6326954
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
122 pm
Kovalentni polmer
122 pm
Elektronegativnost
2,01 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
7,8994 eV
Atomski volumen
13,6 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,599 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
-4, 1, 2, 3, 4
Uporabe
The most common use of germanium is as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is used in transistors and in integrated circuits.
It is used as an alloying agent and as a catalyst.
It is also used in infrared spectroscopes and infrared detectors.
Germanium is not known to be toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
70Ge, 72Ge, 73Ge, 74GeNestabilni izotopi
58Ge, 59Ge, 60Ge, 61Ge, 62Ge, 63Ge, 64Ge, 65Ge, 66Ge, 67Ge, 68Ge, 69Ge, 71Ge, 75Ge, 76Ge, 77Ge, 78Ge, 79Ge, 80Ge, 81Ge, 82Ge, 83Ge, 84Ge, 85Ge, 86Ge, 87Ge, 88Ge, 89Ge