Fosfor
15
P
Skupina
15
Perioda
3
Blok
p
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
15
15
16
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
15
Atomska teža
30,973762
Masno število
31
Kategorija
Druge nekovine
Barva
Brezbarven
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Greek phosphoros, light bearing; ancient name for the planet Venus when appearing before sunrise
Kristalna struktura
Triklinska
Zgodovina
Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in 1669, in Hamburg, Germany, preparing it from urine.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
In 1769, Johan Gottlieb Gahn and Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that calcium phosphate is found in bones, and they obtained elemental phosphorus from bone ash.
Antoine Lavoisier recognized phosphorus as an element in 1777.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 5
Razporeditev elektronov
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms - white phosphorus and red phosphorus
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
1,82 g/cm3
Tališče
317,25 K | 44,1 °C | 111,38 °F
Vrelišče
553 K | 279,85 °C | 535,73 °F
Talilna toplota
0,64 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
12,4 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,769 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,099%
Zastopanost v vesolju
0,0007%
CAS številka
7723-14-0
PubChem CID številka
5462309
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
98 pm
Kovalentni polmer
107 pm
Elektronegativnost
2,19 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
10,4867 eV
Atomski volumen
17,0 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,00235 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Uporabe
Many fertilisers contain a high proportion of phosphorus and are manufactured from concentrated phosphoric acids.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
Phosphorus is used in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics and incendiary shells.
Phosphorus is also used in steel manufacture and in the production of phosphor bronze.
White phosphorus is highly toxic while red phosphorus is considered non-toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
31PNestabilni izotopi
24P, 25P, 26P, 27P, 28P, 29P, 30P, 32P, 33P, 34P, 35P, 36P, 37P, 38P, 39P, 40P, 41P, 42P, 43P, 44P, 45P, 46P