Osmij
76
Os
Skupina
8
Perioda
6
Blok
d
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
76
76
114
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
76
Atomska teža
190,23
Masno število
190
Kategorija
Prehodne kovine
Barva
Skrilavčevo siva
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Greek word osme, meaning smell
Kristalna struktura
Heksagonalna
Zgodovina
Osmium was discovered in 1803 by English chemist Smithson Tennant in London.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Chemists who studied platinum dissolved it in aqua regia to create soluble salts and observed a small amount of a dark, insoluble residue.
Smithson Tennant analyzed the insoluble residue and concluded that it must contain a new metal.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2
Razporeditev elektronov
[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
Osmium is the least abundant stable element in the Earth's crust
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
22,61 g/cm3
Tališče
3306,15 K | 3033 °C | 5491,4 °F
Vrelišče
5285,15 K | 5012 °C | 9053,6 °F
Talilna toplota
31 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
630 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,13 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
1,8×10-7%
Zastopanost v vesolju
3×10-7%
Zasluge za slike: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Osmium crystals produced by chemical transport reaction in chlorine gas
CAS številka
7440-04-2
PubChem CID številka
23937
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
135 pm
Kovalentni polmer
144 pm
Elektronegativnost
2,2 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
8,4382 eV
Atomski volumen
8,49 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,876 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Uporabe
Osmium is used alloyed with other metals in the platinum group to produce very hard alloys.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Osmium alloys are used in the tips of fountain pens, instrument pivots, and electrical contacts
Osmium tetroxide has been used in fingerprint detection and in staining fatty tissue for optical and electron microscopy.
Even low concentrations in air can cause lung congestion, skin damage, or eye damage
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
184Os, 187Os, 188Os, 189Os, 190Os, 192OsNestabilni izotopi
161Os, 162Os, 163Os, 164Os, 165Os, 166Os, 167Os, 168Os, 169Os, 170Os, 171Os, 172Os, 173Os, 174Os, 175Os, 176Os, 177Os, 178Os, 179Os, 180Os, 181Os, 182Os, 183Os, 185Os, 186Os, 191Os, 193Os, 194Os, 195Os, 196Os