Ogljik
6
C
Skupina
14
Perioda
2
Blok
p
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
6
6
6
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
6
Atomska teža
12,0107
Masno število
12
Kategorija
Druge nekovine
Barva
Črna
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Kristalna struktura
Heksagonalna
Zgodovina
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 4
Razporeditev elektronov
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
2,267 g/cm3
Tališče
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Vrelišče
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Talilna toplota
105 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
715 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,709 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,18%
Zastopanost v vesolju
0,5%
CAS številka
7440-44-0
PubChem CID številka
5462310
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
67 pm
Kovalentni polmer
77 pm
Elektronegativnost
2,55 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
11,2603 eV
Atomski volumen
5,31 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
1,29 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Uporabe
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
12C, 13CNestabilni izotopi
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C