Rutenij
44
Ru
Skupina
8
Perioda
5
Blok
d
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
44
44
57
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
44
Atomska teža
101,07
Masno število
101
Kategorija
Prehodne kovine
Barva
Srebrna
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Latin word Ruthenia, Russia
Kristalna struktura
Heksagonalna
Zgodovina
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Razporeditev elektronov
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
12,37 g/cm3
Tališče
2607,15 K | 2334 °C | 4233,2 °F
Vrelišče
4423,15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Talilna toplota
25,7 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
580 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,238 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
9,9×10-8%
Zastopanost v vesolju
4×10-7%
CAS številka
7440-18-8
PubChem CID številka
23950
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
134 pm
Kovalentni polmer
146 pm
Elektronegativnost
2,2 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
7,3605 eV
Atomski volumen
8,3 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
1,17 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Uporabe
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuNestabilni izotopi
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru