Berilij
4
Be
Skupina
2
Perioda
2
Blok
s
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
4
4
5
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
4
Atomska teža
9,012182
Masno število
9
Kategorija
Zemljoalkalijske kovine
Barva
Skrilavčevo siva
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Greek word beryllos, beryl
Kristalna struktura
Heksagonalna
Zgodovina
Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin discovered beryllium in the oxide form in both beryl and emeralds in 1798.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 2
Razporeditev elektronov
[He] 2s2
Emerald is a naturally occurring compound of beryllium
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
1,85 g/cm3
Tališče
1560,15 K | 1287 °C | 2348,6 °F
Vrelišče
2742,15 K | 2469 °C | 4476,2 °F
Talilna toplota
7,95 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
297 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
1,825 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,00019%
Zastopanost v vesolju
1×10-7%
CAS številka
7440-41-7
PubChem CID številka
5460467
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
112 pm
Kovalentni polmer
96 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,57 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
9,3227 eV
Atomski volumen
4,9 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
2,01 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
1, 2
Uporabe
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
9BeNestabilni izotopi
5Be, 6Be, 7Be, 8Be, 10Be, 11Be, 12Be, 13Be, 14Be, 15Be, 16Be