Litij
3
Li
Skupina
1
Perioda
2
Blok
s
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
3
3
4
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
3
Atomska teža
6,941
Masno število
7
Kategorija
Alkalijske kovine
Barva
Srebrna
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Greek word lithos, stone
Kristalna struktura
Telesno centrirana kubična
Zgodovina
Lithium was discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817 when he was analyzing minerals from the island of Uto in Sweden.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 1
Razporeditev elektronov
[He] 2s1
Lithium is the only metal which reacts with nitrogen under normal conditions
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
0,534 g/cm3
Tališče
453,69 K | 180,54 °C | 356,97 °F
Vrelišče
1615,15 K | 1342 °C | 2447,6 °F
Talilna toplota
3 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
147 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
3,582 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,0017%
Zastopanost v vesolju
6×10-7%
CAS številka
7439-93-2
PubChem CID številka
3028194
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
152 pm
Kovalentni polmer
128 pm
Elektronegativnost
0,98 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
5,3917 eV
Atomski volumen
13,10 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,847 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
1
Uporabe
Pure lithium metal is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
6Li, 7LiNestabilni izotopi
4Li, 5Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, 11Li, 12Li