Vanadij
23
V
Skupina
5
Perioda
4
Blok
d
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
23
23
28
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
23
Atomska teža
50,9415
Masno število
51
Kategorija
Prehodne kovine
Barva
Srebrna
Radioaktivno
Ne
Named after Scandinavian goddess, Vanadis
Kristalna struktura
Telesno centrirana kubična
Zgodovina
Vanadium was originally discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río in 1801.
In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium.
In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.
Later that same year, Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Río's earlier work.
In 1805, the French chemist Hippolyte Victor Collet-Descotils incorrectly declared that del Río's new element was only an impure sample of chromium.
In 1831, the Swedish chemist Nils Gabriel Sefström rediscovered the element in a new oxide he found while working with iron ores.
Later that same year, Friedrich Wöhler confirmed del Río's earlier work.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 11, 2
Razporeditev elektronov
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Vanadium is mined mostly in South Africa, north-western China, and eastern Russia
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
6,11 g/cm3
Tališče
2183,15 K | 1910 °C | 3470 °F
Vrelišče
3680,15 K | 3407 °C | 6164,6 °F
Talilna toplota
22,8 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
453 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,489 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,019%
Zastopanost v vesolju
0,0001%
CAS številka
7440-62-2
PubChem CID številka
23990
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
134 pm
Kovalentni polmer
153 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,63 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
6,8281 eV
Atomski volumen
8,78 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,307 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Uporabe
Vanadium is used as an additive in steel to strengthen and protect against corrosion.
Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.
Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid.
Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.
Vanadium foil is used in cladding titanium to steel.
Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst for the production of sulfuric acid.
All vanadium compounds should be considered toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
51VNestabilni izotopi
40V, 41V, 42V, 43V, 44V, 45V, 46V, 47V, 48V, 49V, 50V, 52V, 53V, 54V, 55V, 56V, 57V, 58V, 59V, 60V, 61V, 62V, 63V, 64V, 65V