Kalcij
20
Ca
Skupina
2
Perioda
4
Blok
s
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
20
20
20
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
20
Atomska teža
40,078
Masno število
40
Kategorija
Zemljoalkalijske kovine
Barva
Srebrna
Radioaktivno
Ne
From the Latin word calx, lime
Kristalna struktura
Ploskovno centrirana kubična
Zgodovina
Calcium was known as early as the first century when the Ancient Romans prepared lime as calcium oxide.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Calcium was first isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808 when he electrolyzed a mixture of lime and mercuric oxide.
Davy was trying to isolate calcium; when he heard that Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Pontin prepared calcium amalgam by electrolyzing lime in mercury, he tried it himself.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 8, 2
Razporeditev elektronov
[Ar] 4s2
The shell of an egg is made up of primarily calcium carbonate
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
1,54 g/cm3
Tališče
1115,15 K | 842 °C | 1547,6 °F
Vrelišče
1757,15 K | 1484 °C | 2703,2 °F
Talilna toplota
8,54 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
155 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,647 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
5%
Zastopanost v vesolju
0,007%
Zasluge za slike: Wikimedia Commons (Matthias Zepper)
Pure calcium in a protective argon gas atmosphere
CAS številka
7440-70-2
PubChem CID številka
5460341
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
197 pm
Kovalentni polmer
176 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,00 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
6,1132 eV
Atomski volumen
29,9 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
2,01 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
1, 2
Uporabe
Calcium is used to remove oxygen, sulfur and carbon from alloys.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
It is also used as an alloying agent used in the production of aluminum, beryllium, copper, lead, and magnesium alloys.
Calcium is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of other metals, such as uranium, zirconium, and thorium.
Calcium carbonate is used in manufacturing cement and mortar, lime and limestone.
Calcium is considered to be non-toxic
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
40Ca, 42Ca, 43Ca, 44Ca, 46CaNestabilni izotopi
34Ca, 35Ca, 36Ca, 37Ca, 38Ca, 39Ca, 41Ca, 45Ca, 47Ca, 48Ca, 49Ca, 50Ca, 51Ca, 52Ca, 53Ca, 54Ca, 55Ca, 56Ca, 57Ca