Torij
90
Th
Skupina
n/p
Perioda
7
Blok
f
Protoni
Elektroni
Nevtroni
90
90
142
Splošne lastnosti
Vrstno število
90
Atomska teža
232,03806
Masno število
232
Kategorija
Aktinoidi
Barva
Srebrna
Radioaktivno
Da
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Kristalna struktura
Ploskovno centrirana kubična
Zgodovina
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Elektroni po lupinah
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Razporeditev elektronov
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Fizikalne lastnosti
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
11,7 g/cm3
Tališče
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Vrelišče
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Talilna toplota
16 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
530 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,113 J/g·K
Zastopanost v Zemljini skorji
0,0006%
Zastopanost v vesolju
4×10-8%
Zasluge za slike: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
CAS številka
7440-29-1
PubChem CID številka
23960
Atomske lastnosti
Atomski polmer
179 pm
Kovalentni polmer
206 pm
Elektronegativnost
1,3 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionizacijski potencial
6,3067 eV
Atomski volumen
19,9 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,54 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
2, 3, 4
Uporabe
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Izotopi
Stabilni izotopi
232ThNestabilni izotopi
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th