Paladij

46
Pd
Skupina
10
Perioda
5
Blok
d
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
46
46
60
General Properties
Vrstno število
46
Atomska teža
106,42
Mass Number
106
Kategorija
Prehodne kovine
Barva
Silver
Radioactive
Ne
Palladium was named after the asteroid Pallas; Pallas was the Greek goddess of wisdom
Kristalna struktura
Ploskovno centrirana kubična
Zgodovina
Palladium was discovered in 1803, in London, by English chemist William Hyde Wollaston.

He examined the residues left from platinum after dissolving it in aqua regia, a concentrated solution of hydrochloric and nitric acids.

He then isolated palladium in a series of chemical reactions.
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 18
Razporeditev elektronov
[Kr] 4d10
Pd
In the late 1800s, palladium was more expensive than platinum
Physical Properties
Faza snovi
Trdnina
Gostota
12,02 g/cm3
Tališče
1828,05 K | 1554,9 °C | 2830,82 °F
Vrelišče
3236,15 K | 2963 °C | 5365,4 °F
Talilna toplota
16,7 kJ/mol
Izparilna toplota
380 kJ/mol
Toplotna kapaciteta
0,244 J/g·K
Abundance in Earth's crust
6,3×10-7%
Abundance in Universe
2×10-7%
Palladium
Zasluge za slike: Images-of-elements
Palladium crystal
CAS Number
7440-05-3
PubChem CID Number
23938
Atomic Properties
Atomski polmer
137 pm
Kovalentni polmer
139 pm
Elektronegativnost
2,2 (Paulingova lestvica)
Ionization Potential
8,3369 eV
Atomic Volume
8,9 cm3/mol
Toplotna prevodnost
0,718 W/cm·K
Oksidacijska stanja
2, 4
Applications
The largest use of palladium is in catalytic converters in the automobile industry.

Finely divided palladium is a good catalyst and is used for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions.

The metal is used in dentistry, watch making, and in making surgical instruments and electrical contacts.
Palladium is considered to be of low toxicity
Isotopes
Stable Isotopes
102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, 110Pd
Unstable Isotopes
91Pd, 92Pd, 93Pd, 94Pd, 95Pd, 96Pd, 97Pd, 98Pd, 99Pd, 100Pd, 101Pd, 103Pd, 107Pd, 109Pd, 111Pd, 112Pd, 113Pd, 114Pd, 115Pd, 116Pd, 117Pd, 118Pd, 119Pd, 120Pd, 121Pd, 122Pd, 123Pd, 124Pd